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課程名稱 |
心智哲學專題：身體與主體性
Topics in Philosophy of Mind：Body and Subjectivity |
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開課學期 |
106-2 |
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授課對象 |
文學院 哲學研究所 |
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授課教師 |
梁益堉 |
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課號 |
Phl7764 |
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課程識別碼 |
124 M7400 |
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班次 |
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學分 |
3.0 |
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全/半年 |
半年 |
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必/選修 |
選修 |
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上課時間 |
星期四7,8,9(14:20~17:20) |
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上課地點 |
哲研討室二 |
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備註 |
本課程中文授課,使用英文教科書。E領域。
總人數上限：15人 |
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Ceiba 課程網頁 |
http://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1062Phl7764_bodysubj |
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課程簡介影片 |
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核心能力關聯 |
核心能力與課程規劃關聯圖 |
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課程大綱
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為確保您我的權利,請尊重智慧財產權及不得非法影印
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課程概述 |
這是一門研究「身體與主體性」的討論課與實驗課。首先，我們將嘗試區分「身體歸屬性」與「經驗歸屬性」。前者是關於我是否將某一肢體或整個身體感受成自己的，後前者是關於我是否將自己表徵為某個經驗的當事者。此二者均展現出重要類型的主體性。接著，我們將探討四項議題：(1) 「部分肢體的歸屬性」與「全身的歸屬性」之間的關係，(2)「主動性」與「身體歸屬性」之間的關係，(3) 「身體歸屬性」與「經驗歸屬性」之間的關係，以及(4)「反思的自我意識」與「前反思的自我意識」之間的關係。我們將討論相關的哲學作品與腦神經科學的論文，也會嘗試進行實驗來做第一手的研究。 |
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課程目標 |
本課程有三項目標：第一，能瞭解身體與主體性之相關問題。第二，學習如何仔細閱讀哲學與科學作品，並練習使寫作更為清晰。第三，對於一些重要議題能發展出自己的想法。 |
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課程要求 |
學生除了得花功夫研讀困難的哲學作品，在上課時參與討論，評估各種立場的論證，也需要在作業中提出自己的觀點，並加以辯護。 |
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預期每週課後學習時數 |
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Office Hours |
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指定閱讀 |
指定閱讀將從以下參考書目中所列的期刊論文選讀。 |
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參考書目 |
1. Blanke, O., Multisensory brain mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2012, 13, 556-571.
2. Bottini, G., Bisiach, E., Sterzi, R., & Vallar, G., Feeling touches in someone else’s hand. NeuroReport, 2002, 13(11), 249-252.
3. Buckner, R., Andrews-Hanna, J., & Schacter, D., The Brain’s Default Network: Anatomy, Function, and Relevance to Disease. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 2008, 1124, 1-38.
4. Craig, A. D., How do you feel—now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2009, 10, 59-70.
5. Damasio, A., Self Comes to Mind, Pantheon, 2010.
6. D’Argembeau, A., Ruby, P., Collette, F., Degueldre, C., Balteau, E., Luxen, A., Maquet, P., & Salmon, E. Distinct Regions of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Are Associated with Self-referential Processing and Perspective Taking. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2007, 19(6), 935-944.
7. Ehrsson, H., The Concept of Body Ownership and Its Relation to Multisensory Integration. In B. Stein (Ed), The New Handbook of Multisensory Processing. MIT Press, 2012, 775-792.
8. Gillihan, S. J., & Farah, M. J., Is Self Special? A Critical Review of Evidence From Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience. Psychological Bulletin, 2005, 131(1), 76-97.
9. Gusnard, D. A., Being a self: Considerations from functional imaging. Consciousness and Cognition, 2005, 14, 679-697.
10. Ionta, S., Gassert, R., & Blanke, O., Multi-sensory and sensorimotor foundation of bodily self- consciousness—an interdisciplinary approach, Frontiers in Psychology, 2011, Vol. 2, Article 383, 1-8.
11. Kanayama, N., Sato, A., & Ohira, H., The role of gamma band oscillations and synchrony on rubber hand illusion and crossmodal integration. Brain and Cognition, 2009, 69, 19-29.
12. Legrand, D. Phenomenological Dimensions of Bodily Self-Consciousness. In S. Gallagher (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of the Self (pp. 204-227). Oxford, 2011.
13. Legrand, D., & Ruby, P. What is Self-Specific? Theoretical Investigation and Critical Review of Neuroimaging Results. Psychological Review, 2009, 116(1), 252-282.
14. Lenggenhager, B., Tadi, T., Metzinger, T., & Blanke, O., Video Ergo Sum: Manipulating Bodily Self-Consciousness. Science, 2007, 317, 1096-1099.
15. Lenggenhager, B., Halje, P., & Blanke, O., Alpha and oscillations correlate with illusory self-location induced by virtual reality. European Journal of Neuroscience, 2011, 33, 1935-1943.
16. Lou, H. C., Gross, J., Biermann-Ruben, K., Kjaer, T. W., & Schnitzler, A., Coherence in Consciousness: Paralimbic Gamma Synchrony of Self-Reference Links Conscious Experiences. Human Brain Mapping, 2010, 31, 185-192.
17. Moro, V., Zampini, M., & Aglioti, S. M., Changes in Spatial Position of Hands Modify Tactile Extinction but not Disownership of Contralesional Hand in Two Right Brain-Damaged Patients. Neurocase, 2004,10(6), 437-443.
18. Northoff, G., Qin, P., & Feinberg, T., Brain imaging of the self—Conceptual, anatomical and methodological issues. Consciousness and Cognition, 2011, 20: 52-63.
19. Panksepp, J. & Northoff, G., The trans-species core SELF: The emergence of active cultural and neuro-ecological agents through self-related processing within subcortical-cortical midline networks. Consciousness and Cognition, 2009, 18, 193-215.
20. Petkova, V., & Ehrsson, H., If I were You: Perceptual Illusion of Body Swapping. PLoS ONE 3(12): e3832. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003832, 2008.
21. Qin, P., Di, H., Liu, Y., Yu, Senming, Gong, Q., Duncan, N., Weng, X., Laureys, S., & Northoff, G. Anterior Cingulate Activity and the Self in Disorders of Consciousness. Human Brain Mapping, 2010, 31, 1993-2002.
22. Qin, P., & Northoff, G., How is our self related to midline regions and the default-mode network? NeuroImage, 2011, 57, 1221-1233.
23. Raichle, M., MacLeod, A., Snyder, A., Powers, W., Gusnard, D., & Shulman, G., A default mode of brain function. PNAS, 2001, 98(2), 676-682.
24. Serino, A., Alsmith, A., Costantini, M., Mandrigin, A., Tajadura-Jimenex, A., & Lopez, C., Bodily ownership and self-location: Components of bodily self-consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition, 2013, 22, 1239-1252.
25. Shoemaker, S., The First-Person Perspective and Other Essays. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
26. Uhlhass, P., Pipa, G., Lima, B., Melloni, Lucia, Neuenschwander, S., Nikoli?, D., & Singer, W., Neural synchrony in cortical networks: history, concept and current status. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 2009, 3, Article 17, 1-19.
27. Vallar, G., & Ronchi, R., Somatoparaphrenia: a body delusion. A review of the neuropsychological literature. Experimental Brain Research, 2009, 192, 533-551.
28. Vignemont, F. de, Bodily awareness. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2011.
29. Vignemont, F. de, Bodily immunity to error. In Prosser & Recanati (Eds.), Immunity to Error through Misidentification. Cambridge, 2012, 224-246.
30. Zahavi, D., Subjectivity and Selfhood. MIT Press, 2005. |
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評量方式
(僅供參考) |
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No. |
項目 |
百分比 |
說明 |
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1. |
Discussion |
30% |
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2. |
Presentation |
30% |
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3. |
Final Paper |
40% |
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週次 |
日期 |
單元主題 |
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第1週 |
3/01 |
Introduction: body and subjectivity |
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第2週 |
3/08 |
Pilot study 1 in NeuroPhilosophy Lab |
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第3週 |
3/15 |
Rubber hand illusion & Full-body illusions <br><br>
1. Botvinick, M., and Cohen, J. (1998). Rubber hands 'feel' touch that eyes see. Nature, 391(6669), 756. 予瑭<br><br>
2. Lenggenhager, B., Tadi, T., Metzinger, T., and Blanke, O. (2007). Video ergo sum: manipulating bodily self-consciousness. Science, 317(5841), 1096-1099. 同舟<br><br>
3. Ehrsson, H. H. (2007). The experimental induction of out-of-body experiences. Science, 317(5841), 1048. 洪偉
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第4週 |
3/22 |
Philosophical interpretation<br><br>
1. Blanke, O., and Metzinger, T. (2009). Full-body illusions and minimal phenomenal selfhood. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13, 7-13. 同舟、予瑭<br><br>
2. Legrand, D. (2010). Myself with No Body? Body, Bodily-Consciousness and Self-consciousness. In Handbook of Phenomenology and Cognitive Science, 180-200. Springer Netherlands. 洪偉、紹安
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第5週 |
3/29 |
Body swap and the first-person perspective<br><br>
1. Petkova, V. I., and Ehrsson, H. H. (2008). If I were you: perceptual illusion of body swapping. PLoS One, 3(12), e3832.<br><br>
2. Petkova, V et al. (2011). The perspective matters! Multisensory integration in ego-centric reference frames determines full-body ownership. Frontiers in Psychology, 2(35), 2. <br><br>
3. Heydrich, L. et al. (2013). Visual capture and the experience of having two bodies–Evidence from two different virtual reality techniques. Frontiers in psychology, 4.
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第6週 |
4/05 |
春假 |
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第7週 |
4/12 |
Pilot study 2 in NeuroPhilosophy Lab |
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第8週 |
4/19 |
Virtual reality & body ownership<br><br>
1. Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Slater, M. (2005). From presence to consciousness through virtual reality. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6(4), 332.<br><br>
2. Pomés, A., & Slater, M. (2013). Drift and ownership toward a distant virtual body. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 7, 908.<br><br>
3. Spanlang, B., Normand, J. M., Borland, D., Kilteni, K., Giannopoulos, ... & Slater, M. (2014). How to build an embodiment lab: achieving body representation illusions in virtual reality. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 1, 9.
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第9週 |
4/26 |
Pilot study 3 in NeuroPhilosophy Lab |
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第10週 |
5/03 |
Group meeting & Group presentation |
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第11週 |
5/10 |
Virtual reality & body ownership<br><br>
1. Maselli, A., & Slater, M. (2013). The building blocks of the full body ownership illusion. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 7, 83.<br><br>
2. Maselli, A., and Slater, M. (2014). Sliding perspectives: dissociating ownership from self-location during full body illusions in virtual reality. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8:693, 1-19.<br><br>
3. Kilteni, K., Maselli, A., Kording, K. P., & Slater, M. (2015). Over my fake body: body ownership illusions for studying the multisensory basis of own-body perception. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 9, 141.
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第12週 |
5/17 |
Pilot study 4 in NeuroPhilosophy Lab |
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第13週 |
5/24 |
Virtual reality & body ownership<br><br>
1. Kokkinara, E., Kilteni, K., Blom, K. J., & Slater, M. (2016). First person perspective of seated participants over a walking virtual body leads to illusory agency over the walking. Scientific reports, 6, 28879.<br><br>
2. Bergström, I., Kilteni, K., & Slater, M. (2016). First-person perspective virtual body posture influences stress: a virtual reality body ownership study. PloS one, 11(2), e0148060.<br><br>
3. Bourdin, P., Barberia, I., Oliva, R., & Slater, M. (2017). A virtual out-of-body experience reduces fear of death. PloS one, 12(1), e0169343.
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第14週 |
5/31 |
Group meeting & Group presentation |
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第15週 |
6/07 |
Pilot study 5 in NeuroPhilosophy Lab |
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第16週 |
6/14 |
Group meeting & Group presentation |
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第17週 |
6/21 |
Second presentation - Last Class
6/28 Final Paper due! |
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